ChainIDE#11 伦敦升级后,燃烧的ETH对经济模型的影响
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伦敦升级后,燃烧的ETH对经济模型的影响
8月5日晚上8点33分,以太坊网络达到既定区块高度 12965000,完成伦敦硬分叉升级。这绝对是近期整个区块链行业内最引人注目的事件,没有之一。
随着EIP-1559提案的生效,在今后的费用市场,每笔交易用户需要支付固定基础费,如需加快交易确认可向矿工支付小费,小费归矿工所有,基础费全部被销毁。
Ultrasound网站上随时可以查看以太坊的燃烧情况,截至小编查看为止共计燃烧超过25392ETH,价值约8032万美元。
EIP-1559能带来的核心好处
1.更好的交易费预估
2.在 ETH、以太坊网络和用户之间创造一种共生关系
3.允许更加可靠的交易打包
EIP-1559 无法实现的事情
1.Gas价格的波动取决于提交交易的需求和可用的区块空间的供应,从长远来看EIP-1559并不能降低 Gas 价格。
2.即使每笔交易销毁了一定数量的 ETH,也不一定意味着会销毁足够多的 ETH 来抵消其当前的发行速率。如果 ETH 要变得通缩,需要维持约 150 Gwei 的基本费用 (Base Fee) 来抵消 PoW Eth1 链的 ETH 增发,以及需要维持约 20 Gwei 的基本费用来抵消当前 PoS Eth2 链的增发,因而默认情况下并不会使得 ETH 变得通缩。
EIP-1559的重要变更
1.基本费、小费 & 最高费用
基本费: 即交易被打包进区块需要支付的最低 Gas 价格,基本费由协议设置,它是可变的,是用户支付的总费用中会被销毁的那部分。
小费: 即用户为了让矿工处理自己的交易而愿意以「小费」的方式向矿工支付的 Gas 价格。这是由用户设置的,且这笔小费支付给矿工。
最高费用: 用户愿意为每单位的 Gas 交易支付的最高总 Gas 价格,这是由用户设置的。
EIP-1559 提案实施之后,只有当用户设置的最高费用大于基本费和小费之和时,交易才会有效。超出的部分将被退还给用户,用公式来表达就是:
退款额 = 最高费用 - (基本费 + 小费)2.可变的区块大小
EIP-1559中,目标 Gas 使用量是 Gas 上限的 50%,这意味着如果单个区块的目标 Gas 使用量是 1500 万 Gas,那么区块的 Gas 上限将是 3000 万 Gas。为了确保区块大小保持接近目标 Gas 使用量,如果当区块的 Gas 使用量小于该目标使用量时,以太坊将降低基本费 (Base Fee);而如果大于该目标时,以太坊将增长基本费。对于每个满块 (即区块大小达到 Gas 上限),下一个区块的基本费将增长 12.5%。
可变的区块大小通过允许协议临时增加可用的区块空间来使 Gas 价格更加平稳,使得短期内区块之间的 Gas 价格的涨幅更加平稳。
3.销毁基本费
在支付小费给矿工的同时,基本费 (Base Fee) 将被销毁并从流通中移除。借助 EIP-1559,用户必须在交易中包含一小笔 ETH 作为基本费,以使该笔交易被以太坊网络接受为有效交易,从而为 ETH 资产和以太坊网络之间创建了一种更加健康的关系。
讨论:
1.你怎么看待此次伦敦升级?
2.你认为伦敦升级对ETH有哪些影响?
3.你认为EIP-1559还有哪些可以改善的地方?
延伸阅读:
2.后 EIP-1559 时代,以太坊 MEV 会是什么样?
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